The Role of Perception in the Decision-Making Process Essay

The Role of Perception in the Decision-Making ProcessWhat is perception? How can a persons perception of others impact an organizations behavior? What are the positive and negative effects of using perceptive shortcuts when judging others? How are decisions in real world organizations actually made? How can our perceptions shape ethical or moral decisions? These are the questions that will be attempted to be answered in this essay. According to Robbins, S. (2005) Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The role of perception in the decision-making process goes beyond the five senses (1) sight, (2) hearing, (3) smell, (4) taste, and (5)†¦show more content†¦the CEO, family members etc. depending on their level of influence or control over the organization. What are the positive and negative effects of using perceptive shortcuts when judging others? Perceptive shortcuts can affect the quality of a persons decision-making and performance. According to Robbins, S. (2005) some of the most frequently used shortcuts include:†¢Selective perception: selective interpretation based on ones expectations. †¢Halo Effect: bias opinion based on first impression or single attribute. †¢Contrast effects: assessment of persons qualities based on others with similar qualities. †¢Projection: Attributing ones own characteristics to other people. †¢Stereotyping: preconceived notion about an individual based ones perception of the group to which that person belongs. †¢Self-fulfilling prophecy: A situation in which one person inaccurately perceives a second person and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception. Positive effects of using perceptive shortcuts when judging others:†¢Simplify the amount of information being received. †¢Having express knowledge of individual characteristics allows interviews to go quickly. †¢Grouping people based on similar characteristics can help interviewers to extract applicants with specialized skills quickly. †¢It is easier to judge an applicant positively if the interviewer perceives that they are alike.Show MoreRelatedIs The International English Language Testing System Reliable and Fair?1491 Words   |  6 PagesIn the past,large organizations have implemented language assessments aimed to assess learners ability in the use of language in higher education.These high stake tests plays a vital role when decisions made on individual performance and its outcome is considered as a diagnosis of the learners ability.Among these performance, the International English Language Testing System ( IELTS) writing score is considered by most universities a benchmark against learners success in higher education.This hasRead MoreBenefits And Risks Of Diversity1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent, so there is very little information about the likeness of people. Thus, the knowledge in this matter is more related to the conception, scope, benefits and risks of diversity in the workplace. Organisa tional psychologists consider that the perception of this concept has changed. Companies used to associate diversity with differences in terms of demographic aspects such as age, race, gender, sexual orientation or disabilities (Mor Barak 2011). However, this concept has changed with time. CurrentlyRead MoreThe Halo Effect And Stereotyping1567 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment† (Robbins Judge, 2014, p. 80). Robbins and Judge (2014) give an explanation that perceptions are important because each of us has a biased worldview since we are all limited to using our own observations to draw conclusions based on our personal experience. Perception shortcuts are tools that allow people to judge someone quickly and provide data for makingRead Morewhat is organizational behavior1418 Words   |  6 Pages5 1. Briggs = Personality assessment- Extravert Vs Introvert, Sensing Vs Intuitive, Thinking Vs Feeling, Judging vs Perceiving 2. Proactive personality = Identify opportunity, show initiative, take action, preserver to the end 3. Values perceptions =Process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impression in order to give meaning to their environment. Chapter 6 1. Self serving bias= Success is because of me, Failure is because of everything else 2. Halo effect= One opinionRead MoreNegotiations Between Chicago s Teachers Union And Mayor Rahm Emmanuel1316 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Negotiations Abstract This essay will explain the basics of negotiations between different parties. The essay will include the information background that can help or hinder the outcomes of these negotiations. This essay is about the negotiations between Chicago’s Teachers Union and Mayor Rahm Emmanuel in 2012. The failure to have a timely outcome that each party could agree upon force the teachers of Chicago public schools to strike for nine days at the beginning of the 2012-2013Read MoreTheoretical Perspectives and Research1441 Words   |  6 Pagesto analyse and understand organisations, however this essay shall focus on two perspectives, namely the modern and critical theory. These two perspectives have different views on concepts that might appear similar, thus this essay shall examine the different stands they each take. Concepts that can be examined include, power, control and conflict, organisational structures, organisations culture and organisation and its environment. This essay sha ll closely examine how the two perspectives have differentRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives and Research1448 Words   |  6 Pagesto analyse and understand organisations, however this essay shall focus on two perspectives, namely the modern and critical theory. These two perspectives have different views on concepts that might appear similar, thus this essay shall examine the different stands they each take. Concepts that can be examined include, power, control and conflict, organisational structures, organisations culture and organisation and its environment. This essay shall closely examine how the two perspectives have differentRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception1727 Words   |  7 Pagespeople cause many problems which is relevant to a concept called perception. In this essay, the concept of perception will be described through academic definitions and knowledge also with practical examples. The main objective is to provide readers with a better on what perception is, why it is important to the study of Organization Behaviour (OB) and the effects and implications of it onto managers’ job. Perception is defined as the process in which perceivers give meaning to the things they see afterRead MoreLiterature On Teacher Professionalism And The Vocational Culture Of Teaching1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does it mean to be a ‘good’ teacher’? Discuss in relation to the literature on teacher professionalism and the vocational culture of teaching Introduction Teachers are role models who share their knowledge and passion for a subject to their students. They do not only have the technical ability to teach but they also have the mental capacity to deal with many challenging students to assess each situation in a pragmatic manner. Teachers have collective attributes which help the students to learnRead MoreIntroduction. 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Meaning and Family History of the Surname Estrada

The toponymic surname Estrada originates from any of the many places in Spain and Portugal named Estrada, from Estrada, meaning road. Derived from the Latin stata, denoting a road or paved way, which in turn derives from sternere, to strew or cover. Estrada is the 52nd most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings:  DE ESTRADA, ESTRADO, ESTRADER Famous People With the Surname Erik Estrada – American actor of Puerto Rican descentTomà ¡s Estrada Palma – First president of Cuba (1902–1906)Elise Estrada – Canadian pop-singer and actressJoseph Estrada – film actor, producer, former president of the Philippines Where Do People With the Estrada Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Estrada surname live in Spain and Argentina, followed by concentrations in the United States, Canada, and France. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Estrada Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Estrada  family crest or coat of arms for the Estrada  surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   ESTRADA Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Estrada surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Estrada query. Source: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Moral Theories Of Normative Ethics - 1175 Words

Utilitarianism is one of the general moral theories of normative ethics, which is made up of two principles: utility and equality. Utility is to maximize things like happiness, pleasure, and desire-satisfaction. Equality is the principle that the interests of all members of the moral community who are involved are completely equal. The utilitarian theory, therefore, tries to create the most amount of well being and the least amount of displeasure or suffering. To apply the utilitarian view to whether it is possible to be an ethical carnivore, consideration of all the interest of all those involved is essential, which would include humans and non-human animals. Farmers, meat eaters, animals, activists are all affected by ethical and unethical choices made by carnivores. One way to be an ethical carnivore, according to the utilitarian view, would be to consume happy meat, which is meat that is raised, treated and killed humanely, minimizing suffering to animals. According to philosoph er Peter Singer, animals have the ability to feel pain and so have an interest in avoiding pain; this makes animals part of the moral community says Singer .In a utilitarian based world, if all meat eaters would only purchase happy meat, it would substantially reduce the pain and suffering of the non human members of the moral community and thus maximizing the good for the most number of beings thus supporting that there can be such a thing as an ethical carnivore. People have personal reasonShow MoreRelatedNormative Ethics : A Theory Or System Of Moral Values1356 Words   |  6 PagesWebster’s Dictionary defines ethics as â€Å"a theory or system of moral values† (Agnes, p. 295). Normative ethics is an area of ethics that centers on the standards for human conduct. Utilitarianism is a perspective of normative ethics, which focuses on consequences. 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Strategic Information Systems Business and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction The literature review depicts the importance of implementing accounting software packages in Australia, to overcome different issues that are associated to the traditional accounting system. In this literature review the selected online accounting software is Saasu that uses the concept of software as a service. The history of the accounting software packages and the development of adaptation of the software packages in small to medium business enterprises are also demonstrated in this literature review. Apart from this the literature review will also illustrate the current market size of the online accounting software package Saasu. Due to the presence of several accounting software packages in the market, the leaders of the accounting software and the competitive advantages of Saasu will also be discussed in this literature review. History of accounting software packages During the analysis of accounting software packages in Australia it has been found that, in the current market Saasu is one of the most widely utilized online accounting software. The distributive model implemented by Saasu, is completely based on the cloud SaaS (software as a service). In the year of 2000, this online accounting software was invented by Marc Lehmann and Grant Young. Initially it was invented as a side project, but after the year of 2004, different business organizations have adopted this to overcome the traditional business oriented issues (Mas et al. 2014). In the initial stage the business does not required to invest much for the business rather from the very beginning the business was proved to be very profitable from the business perspectives. In the year of 2000, the company has credited $1 Million. After gaining a huge profit from the competitive marketplace the executives of Saasu had decided to build a partnership relationship along with the Australian onlin e foreign exchange platform. Gradually in the year of 2014, Saasu established a partnership along with Westpac (Contractor et al. 2015). Saasu the online accounting software package was generally used to liberate small to medium businesses. Mostly in order to mitigate the issues regarding traditional accounting system, online accounting software is implemented, that disrupted the old ways. Rather than medium, small businesses can be operated well by utilizing the concept of online accounting software. It provided faster, better ways to manage the businesses. Behind the business success of Saasu, triple business stakeholders such as consumers, employees and shareholders are responsible (Tijani and Mohammed 2013). The company always focuses on the current market status and based on that Saasu decided the price of the products served by the organization. In order to gain competitive advantages Saasu is always ranges the price of the products lesser than the others. Development and adaptation of online accounting software Saasu From the market analysis it has been found that, Saasu is one of the well known online accounting software companies. The service provides cloud based solution to small to medium organizations for managing large amount of data. This is one of the most developed online accounting software packages that are handled by most of the retailer companies. Development year Impact 2002 Saasu was founded in the year of 2002. 2013 In the competition of ICB software was Saasu was funded to be one of the best accounting software (Khair, Cooke and Hand 2013). At the edge of the web the keynotes accounting software was designed. 2014 Saasu implemented cash flow and forecasting facility to the existing system. The data stored in the database was migrated to Australia (Wu and Smyth 2012). New innovative application programming interface was introduced to the system. The system changed to global search 2015 The system start to got direct feed from Westpac, St George and ANZ. Online payment system was involved to the system. Saasu integrated to OzForex and Westpac. 2016 Online payment system was involved with Paypal. Apple ios and android platform also started to utilize the Saasu online accounting software (Yelland, Sullivan and Makrides 2015). New dashboard and screen capabilities are involved for update of the new interface system. Saasu online accounting software is very helpful to run small to medium businesses from anywhere. After adaptation of the system many additional features are found to get added to the existing system of Saasu (Alamin et al. 2015). It provided a single dashboard system where, the users can found the details of bank balance, selling processes and upcoming payment as well. The users can give invoice to the system at the same time the system become capable to hold the details of the users. It has backup resilience and disaster recovery feature. The administration can search for the details stored in the database whenever and wherever needed. During adaptation of software as a service (SAAS) platform, confidential data might get lost; the import and export tools used by Saasu will help to recover those data, from the data storage (Venkatachalam 2015). The professional online invoice payment will enable the consumers to pay through online credit card payment options. The auto update and the mobile access approach provides, latest version with innovative features and at the same time, it involves easy expenses. The current market size of Saasu online accounting Since last three to four years the online accounting software has become a credible option for small to medium businesses but currently the business organizations are trying to change their platform from the traditional one to the innovative supply chain and finance system (Nunoo et al. 2015). Saasu is older online accounting software which is better than Xero in some of the operating sectors. It had involved the values of spreadsheet import activities in order to increase the mechanisms of data entry and export as well. Though, the application programming interface utilized by Saasu was very weak from the beginning of its innovations. In order to overcome the issue Saasu has developed their back end and front end applications. Saasu developed before Xero but it fails to provide all the services required by the consumers of the accounting software (Schwarze 2014). The main issue was that it does not have their norms rather it was focused on the norms and values of MYOB. In order to m itigate these issues Saasu merged the old and the new applications together to make it more innovative compared o the others. The transaction process of Saasu is limited only for high transmission businesses (Wu and Smyth 2012). It has been noted that, the official support of Zapier, added many non coded options to integrate other cloud based applications. Identification of the leaders in the market After a comparative analysis it has been determined that, the options provided to Saasu by the third party are very strong from the market selling perspectives. The price and credited amount allotted for the services of Saasu are lesser than the online software accounting organizations. The inventory management system manages by Saasu include, support quotes, consumer invoice and selling orders. The basic of the purchasing is very innovative, while the stock market of Saasu reaches a certain point it is capable to generate replenishment PO. The TS service provided by the organization is excellent (Nunoo et al. 2015). After adaptation of these features still the organization is unable to hold the top position in the competitive marketplace. The current market analysis implies that, MYOB is the top position holder online accounting software package. Analysis of current gaps and challenges identified by the consumers for Saasu The current market of online accounting software package implies that, the payroll management system of Saasu is balanced and for additional complicated situations good third party involvement is available in Saasu. The real inventory or perceptual inventory management system of Saasu gives reordering, large plan, multi locations and variant facilities to the consumers. It has no auto company entries. The market segmentation made by Saasu is completely informal by it is reliable and flexible (Contractor et al. 2015). The budget estimated to implement the system in the competitive market is based on the demand of the consumers. The account level economical allocation changes according to the changing time period. The security and data access functionalities provided by Saasu, is satisfactory but not excellent. The cash flow management system involves interactive drag, drop and forecast functionalities (Schwarze 2014). The dashboard and analytical approach is very weak and is not isolated rather it is integrated to third party. Online payment integration process is approachable due to its capacity to hold volume data entry. The users can get support very easily due to high authoritative help on the smart mobile applications. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, Saasu and Xero both the online accounting software packages act as a tool for small business organizations. The businesses those want to change their sales invoice, and masses of quotes should use Saasu accounting software. As, Saasu can deliver high volume invoice and at the same time, during the usage of inventory system Saasu can purchase orders with automated cashing and statements the small businesses are using this online accounting software package. The literature review discussed that, history, development an adaptation of Saasu online accounting software. In addition to this, the literature review also illustrated the current market size and competitive advantages of Saasu. Apart from this, the leaders in the market are also indentified in the literature review. Recommendations Security: The system is needed to be secured so that, the data stored in the database remain safe and secured. Selection of platform: Proper platform selection is needed to develop the service of Saasu. Training: The employees working for the organization are needed to be well trained so that they can involve continuous innovative development of the system. References Ahmad, N.S.M. and Leftesi, A., 2014. An exploratory study of the level of sophistication of management accounting practices in Libyan manufacturing companies.International Journal of Business and Management,2(2), p.1. Alamin, A., Yeoh, W., Warren, M. and Salzman, S., 2015, January. An empirical study of factors influencing accounting information systems adoption. InProceedings of the Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems. ECIS. Contractor, S., Alexander, L.V., Donat, M.G. and Herold, N., 2015. How Well Do Gridded Datasets of Observed Daily Precipitation Compare over Australia?.Advances in Meteorology,2015. Khair, H.A., Cooke, D. and Hand, M., 2013. The effect of present day in situ stresses and paleo-stresses on locating sweet spots in unconventional reservoirs, a case study from Moomba-Big Lake fields, Cooper Basin, South Australia.Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,3(4), pp.207-221. Lemos, A.L., Daniel, F. and Benatallah, B., 2016. Web service composition: a survey of techniques and tools.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),48(3), p.33. Mas, J.F., Kolb, M., Paegelow, M., Olmedo, M.T.C. and Houet, T., 2014. Inductive pattern-based land use/cover change models: A comparison of four software packages.Environmental Modelling Software,51, pp.94-111. Nunoo, F.K.E., Asiedu, B., Kombat, E.O. and Samey, B., 2015. Sardinella and Other Small Pelagic Value and Supply chainof the fishery scetor, Ghana.The USAID/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP). Narragansett, RI: Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island and Netherlands Development Organisation. GH2014_ACT044_SNV. Schwarze, J., 2014. Deviant Legality: When the Internationalization of the Law Violates Social Norms. Tijani, O. and Mohammed, A.K., 2013. Computer-Based Accounting Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Nigeria.Universal Journal of Management,1(1), pp.13-21. Venkatachalam, N., 2015. Leveraging of software as a service by small and medium enterprises: Information systems capabilities and organisational complementarities. Wu, D. and Smyth, G.K., 2012. Camera: a competitive gene set test accounting for inter-gene correlation.Nucleic acids research,40(17), pp.e133-e133. Yelland, L.N., Sullivan, T.R. and Makrides, M., 2015. Accounting for multiple births in randomised trials: a systematic review.Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition,100(2), pp.F116-F120.