How does faulkner portray the south book as i lay dying Essay

How does faulkner portray the south book as i lay dying - Essay Example In this novel, â€Å"William Faulkner portrays all of his themes in the actual human drama of the South† (Faulkner) the lack of communication, the poverty; ignorance and alienation are clearly engrained in the fabric of â€Å"As I Lay Dying.† Throughout the novel, the theme of lack of communication and alienations are the key factors for each and every character. The very nature of existing side by side with people is to communicate with each other for a better understanding. Lack of communication is one of the most common universal problems shown in As I Lay Dying. In the novel the characters methods of communicating with each other are many and vary. In most cases it depends on the characters relationships with one another. The characters do not communicate effectively with one another which lead to many confusion heartache and alienation. In the novel, the characters don’t always communicate with words, but they sometimes communicate through unspoken words. The communication between Dewey and Darl is often unspoken yet powerful. Yet part of Dewey Dell hates for this closeness: "And thats why I can talk to him with knowing with hating because he knows" (Faulkner 23). Darl feels that the words which he speaks, an d yet words, his words, can be seen as â€Å"†¦just a shape to fill a lack†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 172) with the lack of communications, the characters can only guess at the motivations, beliefs, and feelings of others. This results in misunderstandings and alienation with each other. As a result of this communication gap, the Bundren family lives an alienated life from each other. In his interview in 1959 Faulkner said about his character, "His tragedy is the impossibility-or at least the tremendous difficulty-of communication. But man keeps on trying endlessly to express himself and make contact with other human beings" (Faulkner). In the novel, Faulkner depicts the harsh reality of living in the south with empathy and grace but,

East-Asian Crisis Essay Example for Free

East-Asian Crisis Essay Has state played a leading role in upgrading technologies in Asia Pacific? Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country or corporate examples. Introduction: The state is a lever that navigates economic process. It is managed by the country government which consists of all educational, socio-cultural, economical and geographical factors. The national innovation systems in Asia have a great significance in the process of technology adjustment (the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country. † (Patel and Pavitt (1994: 79)) (4) It sustains governmental institutions and forms economic conditions and opportunities. It influences a market by all restrictions and policies which navigate all import and export activities. The Asia Pacific region includes one of the most economically developed countries in the world. According to academic articles(8) developmental states as South Korea, Japan and Taiwan quickened their industrialisation in order to synchronise their economies with globalisation growth. From a historical perspective South Asia went through enormous industrial and state transformation after 2nd World War till the beginning of 21st century. An effective industrialisation process created the need of upgrading technologies and expanding business relations so to sustain the Asian competitive advantage and stabilise its economy. Furthermore a governmental institutional reform appeared to be essential element of the whole adjustment stage. The â€Å"tiger†(9) economies of Hong Kong and Singapore (plus these of South Korea and Taiwan) impressively adapted to balanced level of navigating their market and a â€Å"miracle† GDP growth followed. Examining the transformation processes in these economies creates an objective view of how the state influenced changes in technologies and why it has such a significant part in the East-Asian success. Body: The developmental states Japan: The process of industrialisation is a key developmental factor. It emerged in the beginning of the 20th century by the development of four machine industries: the rolling stock, spinning and weaving machines, machine tools and electric machinery(5)Between all of them the government held strongest influence on the rolling stock-a sub railway system which is an official representative of the system, having trade responsibility and negotiates with suppliers(6).The JNR(Japanese National Railway) policy changed after the 1950s and the private sector started managing its policies with governmental assistance. The rolling stock trading process established the Japanese co-operation with West-European suppliers. Essential approaches like government’s guidance in applying industrial policy, adjustment in labour-management relations, tolerating entrepreneurial firms seen as innovators instead of the zaibatsu-structured equivalents, were taken (3).The mentioned events , concerning Japanese technology adjusting, show the strong relation between state policies and technology level . The state itself is the agent which drives all innovations by the power of its policies and regulations. It played a main role in the factory legislation. Women workers needed protection and they could only receive it by governmental intervention. A report by AAB(Agricultural Affairs Bureau) in 1900 confirmed the negative affect of night shifts onto labour efficiency and technical progress. By taking in consideration this example the state role can be considered as more than crucial. It maintains the economy growth by securing its population conditions (human rights; socio-cultural perspective).In this way it sustains the workforce of the country, which is a main element of stabilising competitive advantage. Despite the fact that most economic articles stress on the â€Å"Japanese Miracle†(1) as a significant period of technology updating and state-system adjustment, the pioneers in technology investment appeared in the Meiji period. These businessmen founded a significant process which contributed to the rapid economic growth after World War II. Japanese role in the Electro-chemical industry has massively influenced the power of Japanese Army. Scientifically educated employees contributed for a better business analysis and strategies. A continuous growth is achieved when a government is concerned both for its trading power and socio-educational system. If both elements are properly maintained a country is able to sustain its competitive status worldwide as its observed in the Japanese case of Toyota-one of the most successful car manufacturer’s. â€Å"The key to the Toyota Way and what makes Toyota stand out is not any of the individual elements. But what is important is having all the elements together as a system. It must be practiced every day in a very consistent manner—not in spurts†(11) Toyota is a great example of brilliant cooperation between increasing labour efficiency and adjustin g technology system. Toyota took some fruitful approaches from the Western European managerial model and kept its unique values from the Japanese culture. It is observed that the more an Asian industry is independent from the state the better it adapts to the global business environment. State policies founded initial basis of the most important Asian features that should be taken and not changed in the business-cycle of a company. Toyota managed to follow the roots of the Japanese â€Å"know how† and at the same time keeps attracting professionals from all over the world in order to sustain its competitive advantage. Furthermore as a modern massive share-holder in different sectors it transformed into customer-oriented company targeting more market segments and reassuring to keep the demand of current customers. This is just one of the many great Japanese examples of sustaining a global market share. It can be stated that the more globalisation expands the higher is the need of rapid adaptation m ethods. Strongly centralised firms should transfer into more de-centralised strategic schemes if they want to achieve bigger success on a international level. Korea: From historical perspective Korea was controversially affected by both US (United States-South Korea) and the USSR(Union of Souviet Socialist Rebubplics-North Korea)During the Rhy government period(7) Korea focused on two massive industrial sectors: consumer goods and construction. After the Korean War (1950-1953) they become leading suppliers in these niches. Collaboration between the’’chaebols’’-â€Å"a group of companies, owed by a specific family, has centralised control and business in different industries that are not directly interrelated†((10)Korean Managerial Dynamics p.29) and the state can be considered as a main reason for the rapid industrialisation in the 1960s.The earlier establishment of cartels( Flour Mill, Sugar and Spinning Manufacturers)and corrupted Japanese and American support contributed to the chaebol growth. Hyundai is the major Korean constructor, which used to sustain and still does the Korean economy. Between 1940s and 1970s the ‘’chaebol’’ transformed into a large-multidivisional private system which expanded its business sectors. In this way the new system created economies of scale under a centralised management strategy. The renovated state policies enhanced the labour force and implemented the export industrialisation strategy. In order to (2)The chaebol business structure created highly-controlled production in the 1970s by hiring managers which took the role of supervisors. In the 1980s the government prioritised the need of higher workforce independence. The state shaped the legal frame of Korea, while supporting the chaebol economic and interest policies.((2);p.3)After the KCTU(Korean Confederation of Trade Unions) was established a significant decrease in the chaebol monopolism was noticed. In 1974 a â€Å"concentration of economic power† emerged as a negative issue.(Korean Managerial Dynamics; Chung, Khae and Lee, Hak Chong p.16) The Ko rean bank was forced to take action due to its monopolistic strength: all private businesses provided information to the open capital market. All monopolistic and cartel structures were constricted from entering new markets. Expectedly or not the existing cartels sustained their barriers of entry. Despite the fact Korea was stimulating domestic manufacturing there was a lack of physical technology ability and it has no choice but looking for external â€Å"packaged technology†(Korean Business: Internal and External factors) –component parts, specialised details, product specifications, quality control and professional assistance. In 1980 this resulted in high-inflation rates. Four recovering movements were taken: better managing of market mechanisms and stabilising price levels (led to export of domestically manufactured technologies); transforming domestic monopolism to a free-competitive foreign markets (increasing of social welfare); encouraging foundation of small-medium businesses. It can be concluded that all state reforms derived from either political external or internal problems. The complicated internal reforms caused to a non-balanced upgrading processes. Korea needed a quick re-navigation and focus on catching up with Western Europe rivals. Good examples of chaebol companies are Samsung and Hyundai. Samsung (founded in 1938 (12))business group is the largest one in terms of annual sales-21 billion dollars in 1987 with 160,000 workers in 42 companies (10 p.29) It entered the insurance, security and enterprise sectors. Nowadays it possesses a major shares in electronics, chemical, construction, manufacturing, land development, service and technology markets. By a constant governmental navigation and assistance this great example of East-Asian conglomerate diversified its supply. While the state takes responsibility of providing well-educated and strong workforce the company itself is concerned of the trading process and constant technology upgrading. â€Å"When Samsung has difficulties in transferring technology, it relied on several different strategic avenues: seeking alternative sources of technology, buying it from financially troubled, small American firms; developing its own technology; or entering a consortium with other local competitors to develop technology†((15)â€Å"Korean Business: Internal and External Industrialisation†) By analysing this strategic approach an excellent decision-making skills are observed. The alternative of â€Å"buying† from American small firms shows that the Korean leader constantly generates cash flow in order to afford such activities in a critical moment. Even â€Å"consortium† schemes were made which shows the great adaptation to the market condition and to all supplying competitors. By competing in different markets and upgrading its business structure Samsung enhances Korean economic stability and competitiveness on international level. A leading competitive ad vantage of Samsung is the brilliant combination of price and quality. The possession of well-educated managers and continuously upgraded technology provides a great reputation of top gadget- producer. Taiwan: The favourable geographic location of the country between the Far-East and Southeast Asia made it a desirable trading place between Western Europe and Asia. Different rivals colonised it as well. Taiwan started its technological developmental in a later stage comparing to its bigger neighbours Japan and Korea. After the 1990s Taiwan became one of the leading ICT(Information and technology communications)suppliers(16)Its well-maintained Research and Development sector and patented technology are fair reasons of the current success. Chinese neoliberalism: A slower economic growth in China is observed comparing to the Japanese and Korean one. A high negative influence of the conserved socio-cultural environment is a main reason. The CFB(Chinese Family Business) internal managerial system has a closed-family ideology. There was a conflict between Chinese conservatism and Chinese world-economy adaptation. Its governmentally centralised system suffered lack of managerial professionalism. This introvert attitude of CFB to business created an obstacle for further technologic improvement because establishing new operational system needs well-educated navigators familiarised with the technology. Furthermore loosing the market trading processes of import and export was irreversible. Modernisation schemes were taken: increase of international trades and foundation of FDI(Foreign Direct Investment- investing in country A, by taking advantage of its geographical and labour conditions and controlling from country B which owns all assets and benefit the bigger prt of the incentive) , which was quite beneficial strategy both for China and Japan. It was necessary to minimise the cultural interference and radically involve western techniques. By focusing onto micro-level variables as behaviour China kept losing its macro level of structural and technological competitiveness. The strong communism affected negatively on both industrialisation and technology adjustment. Recent technology-transfer Laws in the Asia Pacific: Setting up Transfer Laws has essential role in the whole Asia-Pacific trade legitimacy. They also determine the significance of technologies and how they are used in a more effective way. In China a warmer attitude to foreign companies is observed. Its entry into the WTO(World Trade Organisation) encouraged cross-continental transfers. In 1999 China accepted the UCL(Unified Contract Law) which gave more freedom by license agreement which can be signed between partners and fasten all transfers. In 2003 The Ministry of Commerce was founded as well as new three-type technology categorisation: prohibited, restricted or permitted. The foundation of such institutions was a necessity in order to exclude all wasting money and time processes, which is both beneficial for suppliers and buyers. The determinant of accepting import transfer is whether it will enhance China’s technological improvement. Furthermore it should not be an environmental and security constraint. Equivalent technology licences(legal and contractual) were formed in Japan. In April 2004 the National University Corporation Law was accepted, providing bigger educational independence which enhances the social welfare and gives more opportunities to young individuals specialise their skills into different sectors. Historically observed, South-Korea always had strictly controlled technology-licensing system in order to preserve newly-founded firms from their out-boundaries rivals and ensures continuous development. Co-operation between education and management led the Asian Pacific to a top place in the technology world. The laws approved in the end of 20th century were turned into a new transfer law in the 21st century. The FIPA(Foreign Investment Promotion Act) is in charge of all foreign investment s. It is an autonomous institution which has the power to simplify and navigate all import activities for the sake of higher country incentive. Its strategy is to attract investment and sustain competitive international advantage. The Monopoly Regulation and FTA(Fair Trade act )(Hill,2006)(19) Conclusion: While the Asia Pacific was struggling to escape out of its cultural constraints and its isolated business system during the first half of the 20th century, it appeared that it adapted rapidly through the second half of the century. It went under serious governmental and structural transforms. It seems that the Asian recovery period after the Second World War was far away more intensive and successful comparing to some European countries. From 1990 to 1997 Asia generated over one-third of the global value-added production by high-technology production industries, higher to the the European and US shares.(13) Investments in the Research and Development sector are significant for successf ul technology adjustment. The establishment of new universities and modifying their educational systems provide scientists and intelligent individuals who can operate and cope with the technology process. The importance of conserving culture-oriented models is of the same sensuality as expanding growth on international level. The Asian ambition of establishing leadership in important world industries contributed to its success. Although there were huge periods of struggling adapting new managerial work-plans the â€Å"tiger economies† managed to survive during tough war and reform periods. Even not really friendly-orientated of cooperating between each other Asian economy survived because of the common adaptation strength and control of markets. The connection between the state and business was not simply one of interference or direction by the state of the market. â€Å"It was rather a positive partnership involving many connections between entities† (Johnson,1997)A geographical advantage of more isolated location in the world enhanced the Asian state independence and its technology orientation. Obviously the bigger sized Asian economies like China and Japan overtook cultural and religion influence.They started their recovering processes more rapidly comparing to the late-comer economies of Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia.(Warner,2007) Bibliography: 1. Maidement, R., Mackerras C., (1998) Culture and Society In The Asia-Pacific, United Kingdom: Routledge 2. Rowley, C., Bae, J., (1998) Korean Business Internal and External Industrialization, Chippenham: Antony Rowe Ltd. 3. Yui, T., Nakagawa, (1989) Japanese Management in Historical Perspective, Japan: University of Tokyo Press 4. Kwon, S., O’Donnell, M., (2001) The Chaebol and Labour in Korea The development of managmenet strategy in Hyundai, Oxon: Routledge 5. Rowley, C., Warner, M., (2009) Management in South-East Asia Business Culture, Enterprises and Human Resources, Oxfordshire: Routledge 6. Chung, K., Lee H., (1989) Korean Managerial Dynamics, New York: Praeger 7. The Japanese Miracle, http://www.japanese123.com/japanesemiracle.htm Date accessed 2/12/2012 8. Borisova, N., (2011) The market, the state, and the culture in economic development in Asia, http://nataliaborisova.hubpages.com/hub/market-state-culture-asia Date accessed 2/12/2012 9. (2004)Four The Rise of the Regions: Fiscal Reform and the Decline of Central State Capacity i n China 10. http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5g50071kchunk.id=d0e3492toc.depth=100brand=ucpress Date accessed 2/12/2012 11. Wu Y., (2004) The China Quarty, Volume 177, pp 91-114 12. Samsung History, http://www.samsung-mobiles.net/history-of-samsung.html Date accessed 3/12/2012 13. Taiwan’s Technology Industry Marks Global Success http://www.forbescustom.com/DiversityPgs/UnityFirst/3_4_09/UFNAACPTaiwanTechP1.html Date accessed 4/12/2012 http://www.pom.ir/wp-content/uploads/PDF/book/The%20Toyota%20Way.pdf 14. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07319/pdf/nsf07319.pdf 15. http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr41/pdf/f14_miz.pdf 16. http://www.economist.com/node/13649520 17. 10) 18. Hill, D., 2006, â€Å"Developments in Asia†,The Licensing Journal

Docking With Mir :: essays research papers

Docking With Mir Last year something amazing took place, but it wasn't in a laboratory. It wasn't under the ocean, and it wasn't on the land. It was in space. The docking of the United States's Space Shuttle Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir was an important step towards international cooperation in space. This is not the first time the U.S. has been in contact with Russia in space matters. In 1965, an American Apollo capsule and a Russian Soyuz module were locked in orbital tango 245 miles above the earth, both crews tense with the feeling of peace and rivalry at the same time. In the past few years, American astronauts have used the Russian training facility at the Cosmodrome to prepare for work on the Mir space station. We couldn't give up the hope of peace and freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Launch Day had arrived; June 29, 1995. During launch and ascent, there wasn't much to think about except the thrill of the ride. Then the tension rose. In less than thirty-six hours, they would have to close a gap of four thousand miles at an altitude of 245 miles while traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, only to have to move within three inches and two degrees of a quickly moving, very fragile object in space. One small thrust of a poorly aligned engine could cost one of four space-worthy shuttles and the world's first and only long-term space station.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Docking was over with soon, and was followed by the cosmonauts of Mir greeting the astronauts of Atlantis. Gifts of flowers, candy and fruit were given by the Americans, who in return, following a Russian tradition, received gifts of bread and salt. Knowing the importance of the mission, the Russians, as well as the Americans, forced the good nature of the mission to be seen. After an exchange in the crew of Mir, Atlantis disengaged the docking clamps, and returned home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This mission was important to the future of the conquest of space, for the American scientists need help with the design of the planned International

Sir Robert Peel

Sir Robert Peel Christina Buenrostro CJA/214 Version 2 August 5, 2010 Roy Diaz Sir Robert Peel Today the world has become a very dangerous place to live. Sometimes you can not even walk to the store without seeing a crime in progress or a crime scene investigation. Children are restricted to their home because of constant danger that goes on in their community. However, communities today have a police department assigned to protect and serve and this includes helping keep crime rates down and society incompliance with the law. Sir Robert Peel is the founder of this structure that we experience today in our communities.Sir Robert peel started his career as home secretary in 1821(Norman, 1986}. While in office he started to establish a system of preventing crimes and also reforming criminals rather then punishing them. Death penalties in minor crimes were basically abolished and criminal laws were made more humane. Robert peel reformed the goal system; he introduced a payment for gaole rs and provided education for inmates. The gaol was a jail that housed prisoners. Prison systems also were reformed and went under supervision of the central government. In the early nineteenth century the law enforcement system in London began to collapse.It had grown in to an industrial city with various problems such as poverty, disorder, ethnic conflict and experienced rising crime. Peel fought for many years to establish what we know today as the London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Officers were known as the â€Å"Bobbies† to honor Sir Robert Peel. The police in London introduced three elements that have become our foundation of American policing they included having a mission, strategy, and organization structure. Before the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers only responded when a crime had already occurred. If a crime had appen the victims would have to seek out patrol officers. The new police mission was to try to prevent crime before it happened. This open ed the door for continuously patrolling which were referred as fixed â€Å"beats†. Officers had to maintain a visible presence through the community. This insured security for the public and their safety. The new police used strategies to help enforce the law. This included evaluating crime rates and how well their strategies were working for the police department and the community {Critchley, T. A. 1967}. Police officers in London had to gain the mutual respect of citizens.Through the departments restrained and civil conduct they were able to establish their respect. The London Metropolitan Police maintained high personal standards and was under strict supervision. The public are the eyes and ears of law enforcement and they needed to have the public on their side. Peel brought organization to American policing. Prior to Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers were selected only on the basis of political connections. The men generally selected were in bad health, with no e ducation, and were often criminals themselves.Some departments offered recruits as a formal per- service training but other than that you were not required to take a test once the training was completed. Peel used the organization structure from the military which included uniforms, rank designations and the authoritarian system that included command and discipline. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles that he introduced when he formed the Metropolitan Police act of 1829 that many police departments today still reflect on when enforcing the laws and serving the communities they patrol. 1. The mission for whom the law enforcement exists is to prevent crime and disorder. . The capacity of the law enforcement to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of public actions. 3. Law enforcement must secure the willing support of the community in charitable performance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 4. The quantities of assistance of the community that can be secured reduce proportionately to the requirement of the use of bodily force. 5. Law enforcement seeks and maintains community support not by catering to community view but by constantly representing absolute fair service to the law. 6.Law enforcement utilizes physical power to the amount needed to protected observation of the law or to repair order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be inadequate. 7. Law enforcement at all times, ought to sustain a connection with the community that give realism to the historic belief that law enforcement are the community and the public are the law enforcement; the law enforcement being only members of the community who are salaried to give full- time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community wellbeing and existence. 8.Law enforcement should communicate every action strictly toward their function and never appear to take over the powers of the jud iciary. 9. The examination of law enforcement good union is nonappearance of crime or disorder, not the noticeable proof of police action in settling it. Enclosure these principles have shaped America Law Enforcement agencies. They have helped the communities trust the officers and have come to rely on their services. There is still a lot of issues that need to be addressed in Law Enforcement , but Sir Robert Peel laid the foundation for all the work.References Critchley, T. A. 1967} Evaluating Police Strategies A History of Police in England and Wales. London: Constable {Whig account} Retrieved from University Of Phoenix Student Library http://www. credoreference. com/entry/willanpolicing/metropolitan_police_new_police Norman Gash, Sir Robert Peel: the life of Sir Peel after 1830, London; Longman, 1986 Retrieved from www. novelguilde. com www. nha. org/sites/oldgaol. html www. newwestpolice. org References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete t his line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry. Sir Robert Peel During the research of Sir Robert Peel’s position on policing to the varied needs of contemporary society, it was revealed that police departments currently use the nine principles that Peel established in 1829. These principles are used as a foundation for the police to prevent crime and also to preserve a positive relationship with the community. It will be explained how Peel’s policing and principles are being utilized in the modern era and also show his position on policing. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel formed the Metropolitan Police while serving as Secretary of England.Peel stated â€Å"The key to policing is that the police are the people and that the people are the police† (Law Enforcement: Robert Peels Concept, 1829). Community policing is derived from Peel’s concept of prevention and has been clung to by many law enforcement organizations across the United States. Community policing requires investing in training with special regard to problem analysi s and problem solving, facilitation, community organization and other various dedicated training. The development of modern day policing has had many unsuccessful attempts and fake starts since the early nineteenth century.While Peel’s principles stand for an idealized vision of police movements, it has been known to serve as a stepping stone for contemporary law enforcement and criminologists. The impression of community policing can be credited to Sir Robert Peel in the logic that his principles have formed the core values of community relations. Peel created the police force, also known as â€Å"bobbies† or territorial police forces. The beginning of â€Å"beats† was first performed by bobbies as a formal patrol. Enforcement agencies still have police patrolling the streets with the purpose of preventing crime and making neighborhoods safe.Peel’s philosophy and community policing share the same concepts and goals in policing. One of the different simil arities between Peel’s advance and community policing is that prevention of crime is the main concern within our society. The assumption is that crime prevention is a duty that the community and police should share ownership of. Community policing and team policing is rooted in the idea that the traditional officer will bring the police and the community closer together and also maintain the professional model. When the police are dealing with the different communities and cultures, there must be a mutual feeling between them.The shared feeling can be classified as a sense of security and trust within each other. It was stated by Peel that having the public’s support and collaboration are the basis for five of his principles of effective policing. â€Å"The ability of the police to perform their duties is reliant upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to uphold res pect for the public. In our diverse society, police must understand the different cultures that make up the communities that they patrol (Law Enforcement: Robert Peels Concept, 1829).When a community has little or no respect towards the police, they are more likely going to pay no heed to the request or demands of the officers and force officers to use excessive force in order to gain control of the situation. An example of this would be the Los Angeles riots that took place back in 1992, when four officers were acquitted for the beating of Rodney King. This became a great upset to the public and therefore caused riots. The issue was so awful that police officers had to put on S. W. A. T gear and try to get control of the livid crowd.Nearly 2,000 people were injured and 53 were killed. The police department must examine and avoid such mistakes from being made in community policing. Another type of mistake that can cause troubles with community policing would be budget cuts within de partments. Some officers often take side jobs to compensate for their salary cuts and thus create a lack of integrity and â€Å"dirty† cops. People depend on officers to help the streets and neighborhoods be much safer but with cutbacks, being able to provide that protection could be difficult.Society cannot afford to be defenseless with everything that is going on in the world today. Sir Robert Peel’s principles of policing have facilitated modern day policing by gaining the public’s trust to feel comfortable enough to call local law enforcement when assistance is needed. Community policing has been a most important focus in law enforcement because of the crime rate within the diverse communities. With the community and the police officers functioning together, crime rates would decline and the streets would be much safer. Sir Robert Peel established that police and the community are equivalent in terms of efficient policing.References Larrabee, A. K. (2007). L aw Enforcement: Sir Robert Peel. Associated Content. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/435980/law_enforcement_sir_robert_peels_con cept. html Patterson, J. (2010). Community Policing: Learning the Lessons of History. Retrieved from http://www. lectlaw. com/files/cjs07. htm Nazemi, S. (2008). Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principals of Policing. Retrieved from http://www. lacp. org/2009-Articles-Main/062609-Peels9Principals-SandyNazemi. htm Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel Christina Buenrostro CJA/214 Version 2 August 5, 2010 Roy Diaz Sir Robert Peel Today the world has become a very dangerous place to live. Sometimes you can not even walk to the store without seeing a crime in progress or a crime scene investigation. Children are restricted to their home because of constant danger that goes on in their community. However, communities today have a police department assigned to protect and serve and this includes helping keep crime rates down and society incompliance with the law. Sir Robert Peel is the founder of this structure that we experience today in our communities.Sir Robert peel started his career as home secretary in 1821(Norman, 1986}. While in office he started to establish a system of preventing crimes and also reforming criminals rather then punishing them. Death penalties in minor crimes were basically abolished and criminal laws were made more humane. Robert peel reformed the goal system; he introduced a payment for gaole rs and provided education for inmates. The gaol was a jail that housed prisoners. Prison systems also were reformed and went under supervision of the central government. In the early nineteenth century the law enforcement system in London began to collapse.It had grown in to an industrial city with various problems such as poverty, disorder, ethnic conflict and experienced rising crime. Peel fought for many years to establish what we know today as the London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Officers were known as the â€Å"Bobbies† to honor Sir Robert Peel. The police in London introduced three elements that have become our foundation of American policing they included having a mission, strategy, and organization structure. Before the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers only responded when a crime had already occurred. If a crime had appen the victims would have to seek out patrol officers. The new police mission was to try to prevent crime before it happened. This open ed the door for continuously patrolling which were referred as fixed â€Å"beats†. Officers had to maintain a visible presence through the community. This insured security for the public and their safety. The new police used strategies to help enforce the law. This included evaluating crime rates and how well their strategies were working for the police department and the community {Critchley, T. A. 1967}. Police officers in London had to gain the mutual respect of citizens.Through the departments restrained and civil conduct they were able to establish their respect. The London Metropolitan Police maintained high personal standards and was under strict supervision. The public are the eyes and ears of law enforcement and they needed to have the public on their side. Peel brought organization to American policing. Prior to Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers were selected only on the basis of political connections. The men generally selected were in bad health, with no e ducation, and were often criminals themselves.Some departments offered recruits as a formal per- service training but other than that you were not required to take a test once the training was completed. Peel used the organization structure from the military which included uniforms, rank designations and the authoritarian system that included command and discipline. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles that he introduced when he formed the Metropolitan Police act of 1829 that many police departments today still reflect on when enforcing the laws and serving the communities they patrol. 1. The mission for whom the law enforcement exists is to prevent crime and disorder. . The capacity of the law enforcement to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of public actions. 3. Law enforcement must secure the willing support of the community in charitable performance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 4. The quantities of assistance of the community that can be secured reduce proportionately to the requirement of the use of bodily force. 5. Law enforcement seeks and maintains community support not by catering to community view but by constantly representing absolute fair service to the law. 6.Law enforcement utilizes physical power to the amount needed to protected observation of the law or to repair order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be inadequate. 7. Law enforcement at all times, ought to sustain a connection with the community that give realism to the historic belief that law enforcement are the community and the public are the law enforcement; the law enforcement being only members of the community who are salaried to give full- time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community wellbeing and existence. 8.Law enforcement should communicate every action strictly toward their function and never appear to take over the powers of the jud iciary. 9. The examination of law enforcement good union is nonappearance of crime or disorder, not the noticeable proof of police action in settling it. Enclosure these principles have shaped America Law Enforcement agencies. They have helped the communities trust the officers and have come to rely on their services. There is still a lot of issues that need to be addressed in Law Enforcement , but Sir Robert Peel laid the foundation for all the work.References Critchley, T. A. 1967} Evaluating Police Strategies A History of Police in England and Wales. London: Constable {Whig account} Retrieved from University Of Phoenix Student Library http://www. credoreference. com/entry/willanpolicing/metropolitan_police_new_police Norman Gash, Sir Robert Peel: the life of Sir Peel after 1830, London; Longman, 1986 Retrieved from www. novelguilde. com www. nha. org/sites/oldgaol. html www. newwestpolice. org References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete t his line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry.

Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes

Chapter 1 – Quotes â€Å"A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories† pg.1 This is the opening line of the novel and it paints a picture of what the city is like. It is grey meaning there is no life and individuality, it is quite dull and that the building being â€Å"only† thirty-four stories high indicates that it is a smaller building compared to those that surround it and that this world is dissimilar to what we have at present. â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† pg.1 This is the motto of this brave new world. Community through one another working hand in hand and applying themselves fully at whatever job they have been assigned to undergo. Identity of each human being known as either an Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And finally, stability within the brave new world through each type of human knowing their role within the process and that there will be no unhappiness within the humans. â€Å"Cold for all the summers beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself† pg.1 Here we see the artificial nature of the brave new world. There is no heat emitted throughout highlighting the fact that the humans in the world are somewhat artificial too. The rooms are not heated through a natural process although it is all done through machinery and if not even summer would be a cold season. â€Å"Hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light frozen, dead, a ghost.† pg.1 This provides another insight into the world which has been created through the various processes and techniques that have been implemented in the brave new world. It shows that there is no uniqueness within the community and that everyone is if they are dead and that they is no actual life. â€Å"For particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils† pg.2 This shows that everybody within the brave new world has been made for a singular purpose and that they can only fulfill that purpose. Liking what you are doing provides virtue and happiness and so there are particulars although having generalities and room for potential and ability to rise above others is evil. This is the message that the director provides the students to show that this is the best way forward and that the way it was carried out ‘before-Ford' was a problem to all. â€Å"Year of stability A.F 632† pg.2 The director talking to the students, always refers to what they are doing as the â€Å"year of stability†, the year were the process of what they are doing to create a brave new world stabilizes and continues to bring well-being to those brought up with it. A.F stands for â€Å"After-Ford†, the creator of the Ford T-Model, and the dates are based on around him. â€Å"Alphas and Betas remained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out again† pg.3 This is the process that was applied to the various embryos to determine the intellectual capabilities of each individual. The more oxygen a type received the higher their intelligence would be so that is why the alphas and betas, the smarter humans, would remain with oxygen while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would only have a certain amount of time with oxygen as they were not required to do high intellectual jobs. â€Å"But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, and will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress† pg.3-4 Yet again the director tells the students of his beloved process which form adults which they see at present. In a normal process, eggs will bud and form one embryo to form a full-sized adult although in the brave new world, a Bokanovsky egg due to scientific enchantments, are able to produce over ninety adults. This shows that there has been significant advancements in the human race and that they believe that progress is the key. â€Å"‘Bokanovsky's Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!' Major instruments of social stability. Standard men and women; in uniform batches.† pg.5 Bokanovsky's process is the one that is ruling over the brave new world. It allows for certain type of people to be born with a certain limit to their intellectual capabilities and as a result it provides the social stability that was being looked for. It provides both men and women to do the same job with the same abilities to do so and so it provides stability. â€Å"Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes towards the distant ceiling† pg.8 This shows that even those who are on a tour of the process are conditioned in such as way that they to do things at the same pace and share the same amount of interest in the topic at hand. It also highlights the fact that there is not much room for uniqueness within the brave new world and that humans are at a point where they are nearly as unique as a chicken in a group of them. â€Å"So we allow as many as thirty per cent of the female embryos to develop normally. The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the rest of the course. Result: they're decanted as freemartins – structurally quite normal†¦but sterile.† Pg.10 Here we see the process that is carried out to make female adults although make sure that they do not have the capability or desires to reproduce as this would cause a disruption to the ‘stability' of brave new world. The process involves allowing the female to develop normally for thirty-percent although they are then given a dose of male sex-hormone so that they are freemartins and at the same time still structurally fine. â€Å"‘The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen'† pg.11 The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons are all differently intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos. The more oxygen that one receives the higher the intelligence, as Alphas do the most amount work needing intelligence they are given the most oxygen and so then are recognized as Alphas while the least amount of oxygen is given to those who do not need much intelligence to complete their task which Epsilons. â€Å"‘But in Epsilons, we don't need human intelligence† pg.11 Epsilons are the lowest caste within the brave new world society and they do not need a large amount of human intelligence to complete their role in the society. As they do not need this intelligence they are starved of oxygen so they do not move up within the castes and so stability is upheld. â€Å"‘And that,' put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you've got to so. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their unescapable social destiny† pg .12 The process that is involved in making a human is one of ease in the brave new world and for that to continue the people that are born must be conditioned into liking what they have to do. For example, if an Epsilon was conditioned into liking cleaning toilets they would be rewarded as a child to go near toilets although if they were not, they would not like this job and therefore there would be an uprising. Conditioning is all about making people like their unescapable social destiny. â€Å"They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with well-being; in fact they're only truly happy when they're standing on their heads† pg.13-14 This underlies the process of conditioning, undergoing processes so that the human is associated with the job or role they play, even if that means making them hate books and flowers. Here we see that the embryos are placed upside-down so that when they are born that is the state that they feel comfortable in and that they will be conditioned to do their job with better results. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 2 – Quotes â€Å"Books and loud noises, flowers and electric shocks†¦They'll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an â€Å"instinctive† hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.'† pg.17 This is another example of where conditioning changes the natural growth of a person. In this example we see that babies are conditioned to hate books and flowers through the use of playing loud noises whenever they played with books and giving them slight electric shocks whenever they played with flowers. This then meant that the babies when grow up and have a hatred for books and flowers and will want nothing to do with them which allows them to do certain jobs within the society. â€Å"It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes† pg.18 Abolishing the love of nature allows for certain types of people to do certain jobs within the brave new world society without the hatred of doing the job. This is especially forced upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they required the conditioning to do things of low intelligence and therefore there will be no uprising against what they are assigned to do. â€Å"‘We conditioned the masses to hate the country, but simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports† pg.18 Here is another example of where conditioning sets a particular liking and disliking for different things. In this example it is of hating he country so that people do not have the intention to travel there although they love the country sports so they can watch it on television resulting in their past times filled instead of wanting to do other activities. â€Å"(Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit)† pg. 20 The ‘T' symbol indicates the significance of Henry Ford's T-Model car and that not only does the director respect what he has contributed to make the brave new world possible but the students to understand that he is a god like figure and must be respected. â€Å"Elementary Class Consciousness†¦All wear green and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I don't want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. They're too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides, they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. I'm so glad I'm a Beta. Alpha children wear grey† pg. 22 This shows that each class of people, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons have different uniforms to wear so that they can be easily recognized by others. For example, Delta children wear khaki, Epsilons wear black, and Alphas wear grey. Even this child who is talking in this example says he is glad to be a Beta because he is conditioned in such a way that he does like being who he is and does not want it any other way. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 3 – Quotes â€Å"Mustapha Mond†¦Bernard Marx†¦Lenina Crowne† pg.28 These three people all hold significant background histories in different areas although the names are changed slightly within the novel. Mustapha Mond is the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, one of only ten World Controllers. He was once an ambitious, young scientist performing illicit research. When his work was discovered, he was given the choice of going into exile or training to become a World Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to fit in because of his inferior physical stature. He holds unorthodox beliefs about sexual relationships, sports, and community events. His insecurity about his size and status makes him discontented with the World State. Bernard's surname recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author best known for writing Capital, a monumental critique of capitalist society. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination worker at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. She is an object of desire for a number of major and mino r characters, including Bernard Marx and John. Her behavior is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her attractive to the reader. â€Å"Home, home – a few small rooms, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically teeming woman, by a rabble of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no space; an under sterilized prison; darkness, disease and smells† pg.31 This quote describes the living areas of the people within brave new world. They are not given much although they are conditioned to feel happy about what they have and they do not complain despite the fact that they are living with a large number of male and females as well as boys and girls in little space which teems full of diseases and unpleasant smells. â€Å"‘Dr. Wells advised me to have a Pregnancy Substitute.'† pg.32 This is Lenina Crowne talking, where she says that she is having a pregnancy substitute a process Since there is no live birth or pregnancy, only decanting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several months. The procedure is not described in detail. It is compulsory at age twenty-one, but some women have it as early as seventeen. â€Å"‘But everyone belongs to everyone else,† pg.34 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. â€Å"No wonder those poor pre-moderns were mad and wicked and miserable†¦they were not conditioned to obey†¦they were forced to feel strongly† pg.35 Here we see that there is a shift in time and that before Ford, people who were called ‘pre-moderns' were miserable and wicked because they were not conditioned and controlled by the community and could do whatever they liked and that cause a problem of society as well as feeling and supporting what they thought was correct. This to ‘moderns' sounds like a past that they do not want to go back to and therefore advocate the process and society they live in now. â€Å"No civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability† pg.36 Here we see the motto being used, especially that of stability within the brave new world. Stability is a key concept within the society and one that is believed to be needed for a civilization to proceed forward. This stability is only reached when individuals are stable and feel that and is why conditioning is such a major factor in this society. â€Å"Impulse arrested spills over, and the flood is feeling, the flood is passion, the flood is even madness† pg.37 Here we see that everyone in the society of brave new world is brainwashed and conditioned into thinking what the leaders believe to be correct, there is no uniqueness. The people believe that if they think and act for themselves there are consequences for doing so which is stated above, and the end result will be madness, something no one wants. â€Å"Shorten that interval, break down all those unnecessary barriers†¦'No pains have been spared to make your lives emotionally easy† pg.37 Here we see that the people of the brave new world are made to work only short spurts of time so that they do not have to face barriers which can hindered their performance. This therefore means that they are not faced with various emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assigned to be at the best of their ability. â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat'† pg.39 This is how the men speak of as the women. They are not as important as themselves but of must less significance despite the fact that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do see a good looking women they would often pay no respect for them as just as it states, talk of them like they are meat. â€Å"‘Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all'† pg. 40 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky's process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability' which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 4 – Quotes â€Å"Droning twilight of the well, the twilight of his habitual stupor. It was warm and bright on the roof. The summer afternoon was drowsy with the hum of passing helicopters; and the deeper drone of the rocket-planes hastening.† pg.51 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is mechanized and run my machinery. There is no need for humans to do certain jobs including reproduction as that has all been allocated to the machines to undergo that process. There is no natural buzz created by humans when working and there is no natural feeling although there is a dull hum of the machinery working consistently of where humans used to. â€Å"The malice and bad tempers from which other people had to take holidays never afflicted him† pg.52 In the brave new world there are a specified number of separate social castes and no more. Here we see that there is an odd example of Benito who always saw things sunny-side up. It was the nature within him to act of as if everyone deserved a second chance and that they are all good people at heart. He did not have a bad temper nor would be wish bad things upon other people. â€Å"To have dealings with members of the lower castes was always, for Bernard, a most distressing experience† pg.55†³ Here we see Bernard, of the higher class in the brave new world society, not wanting to deal with lower castes because he had been conditioned in such a way that people underneath with were not as good as him. They were below his dignity and he could not force himself to have any association with those people. It was just the way that the brave new world society operated. â€Å"The mockery made him feel like an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him† pg.55/56 Here we see how Bernard felt when talking to the various castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is treated as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to behave like an alien, alone and an outsider. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to increase their prejudice against him. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 5 – Quotes â€Å"Ant like pullulation of lower-caste activity† pg.63 This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in everyday life. The jobs they did were monotonous unlike Alphas whose jobs were varied and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were boring and did not need much intellect to complete them although they enjoyed what they did because of the conditioning process that is in place in the brave new world. â€Å"‘Phosphorus recovery†¦One their way up the chimney the gases go through four separate treatments. Now they recover over ninety eight percent of it. More than a kilo and a half per adult corpse.† pg.63 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is not wasted even including human bodies after they have died. They have constructed a process which they extract phosphorous out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how different the brave new world is from the everyday world. â€Å"‘Everyone works for everyone else. We can't do without anyone'† pg.64 In the brave new world it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any fighting which is somewhat accomplished with the conditioning program that is compulsory for everyone within the brave new world. Everyone had a certain role to play and they must do their duty if progress it to continue into the future. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 6 – Quotes â€Å"‘When the individual feels, the community reels'† pg.81 Here we see that Lenina talking about how the individual must realize that they are part of the community and that it is practically all for one and one for all. If the individual does not pull their weight and contribute evenly to the community then the community will pay the prices. It does not matter if everyone else in the community is performing at their peak, but for the community to actually perform at its optimum, everyone must work. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 7 – Quotes â€Å"The tall houses rose like stepped and amputated pyramids into the blue sky† pg.92 Here we see that nothing in the brave new world is natural and nobody is individual and unique. Everything is the same and similarity overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been made has been done so in mass numbers including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected. â€Å"Cleanliness is next is next to fordliness† pg.94 In the brave new world, God is not the main figure of power within the world nor is he even recognized as a ruling power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the overpowering leader of the brave new world and has say over all the rules in the society. Nothing is god like, but Ford like, he is the divine leader of this new world. â€Å"We keep their internal secretions artificially balanced at a youthful equilibrium. We don't permit their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall below what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of young blood. We keep their metabolism permanently stimulated† pg.95 Here we see another process which is taken to keep the brave new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of giving everyone transfusions of young blood which not only keeps them feeling young but keeping their metabolism permanently stimulated allows for everyone to prevent the aging process as well as not growing old. â€Å"The place was queer, so what the music, so were the clothes and the hoisters and the skin diseases and the old people† pg.97 Here we see where the brave new world society has not assigned their ways on. It was so different to what people of the brave new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brave new world including diseases and old people was present and this disgusted those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment. â€Å"But his plaited hair was straw coloured, his eyes a pale blue, and his skin a white skin, bronzed† pg.100 This individual was one who had a mix of cross blood and was not one of the natives. This could be identified quite easily through the way his hair was coloured and was worn as well as they colour of his eyes and the colour of his skin. All these branded him as someone who was not an ‘actual' resident and was different to the others. â€Å"They disliked me for my complexion† pg.100 Here we see a young man talking to Lenina and he starts to cry because those who surrounded him thought and treated him like an outsider despite the fact that her tried so very hard to fit if, even happily get whipped to be accepted. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to someone else all because of his skin colour. â€Å"Linda and he were strangers in the Reservation† pg.101 Linda and her son came from the Other Place and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the Reservation and that they were foreigners. Not only did they feel like they were not accepted they actually were not. â€Å"Front teeth were missing†¦so fat†¦flabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sagging cheeks wit those purplish blotches. And under the brown sack-shaped tunic those enormous breasts.† pg.102 In the brave new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be kept at the same age and has the same metabolism although in the normal world they is no conditioning or mass production of babies. This is why when they saw this lady who was not beautiful and had many problems Lenina shuddered because she had never seen someone so ugly. â€Å"But it's all different here; it's like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad† pg.104 Here we see that see does not like living in the normal world outside from the brave new world as there is no conditioning and that there is room for improvement and never being happy with what one has. We also see that she is described our everyday lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the brave new world. â€Å"So they're having children all the time – like dogs†¦And yet John was a great comfort to me†¦It wasn't my business to know† pg.105 He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they produce children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. Even though she does not like living in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of comfort and was different compared to that of the everyday world which is conditioned to perfection.